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Health Management

RECOMMENED LAYER/TANBRO VACCINATION PROGRAM

DAY	VACCINE	METHOD
1( Done In The Hatchery)	Mareks + IBD-Vaxxitek NCD+IB Live(Vitabron)	Intramuscular injection Spray( done in the hatchery)
15-18	NCD+IB Live	Eye drop/Drinking water
WK 6-8	NCD Killed or NCD+IB Live. Fowl typhoid	Intramuscular injection. Drinking water Intramuscular Injection
WK 8-10	Fowl pox Fowl cholera	Wing stab Subcutaneous injection
WK 12-14	Fowl typhoid	Intramuscular injection
WK 16-18	NCD+IB Live	Drinking water/spray

Interchick has introduced hatchery vaccination in all day-old broilers against Gumboro, Newcastle and Infectious Bronchitis diseases.
With intensification of broiler production, total or partial condemnation of carcasses has risen, owing to poor growth rates, cellulitis, water belly, downgrades and high mortality.

Because of these enormous losses, the broiler industry has constantly tried to improve the facilities, optimise the stocking densities and even improve some management techniques. Furthermore, broiler producers continuously seek new ways of reducing the condemnation rates at the slaughterhouse.

Hatchery Vaccination

Recently, trials have demonstrated that concentrating the vaccination in the hatchery could significantly improve the profitability to the farmers. The reduction of vaccinations applied in the farms can contribute to reduced mortalities during growing, minimal condemnation at the processing plant and consequently avoidance of huge financial losses for farmers.
The vaccination of the day-old chicks in the hatcheries effectively started in the 1970s with the use of Marek’s vaccine. Now vaccines against Newcastle disease, IB and Gumboro are available for day-old vaccination.

In day-old chicks at the hatchery, Interchick has subsequently introduced immunocomplex vaccine against Gumboro, and vaccine against Newcastle and Infectious Bronchitis diseases. These vaccines have widespread use in Europe, Brazil, China, and emerging markets in Nigeria, as well as the Middle East.

There are several benefits in moving vaccination from the farm towards the hatchery:

The vaccine is handled by a Kenchic team that is well trained and monitored. Centralisation of controls at the hatchery ensures that the vaccine is precisely administered according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
The vaccine’s cold chain storage guidelines are well adhered to at the hatchery level to match the producer’s requirements, whilst at the farm level, the chain could be broken.
Vaccination cover is 100% on all chicks at the hatchery, compared to 70-80% success rates at the farm. This further reduces stress on the birds in the farm and ensures early and improved disease resistance/immunity.
Sophisticated and consequently expensive equipment is more affordable and relevant for a big structure like a hatchery than for a poultry farm. Also, equipment can be better monitored and maintained in the hatchery than on the farm. Vaccine application thus becomes more effective. The farmer has more time left to look after the vaccinated birds instead of bothering on vaccination.
Spray vaccination, which is the best method for administration of respiratory vaccines like ND or IB, is much easier to apply – and is consequently more effective – when given in the hatchery than when applied on the farm. This vaccination requires a dust-free environment for effective immunisation. The farmer will only do one single Newcastle disease vaccination in the Broiler farm at day 14 instead of two vaccinations, as done previously. This will reduce stress for the birds, reduce the use of vitamins before and after vaccination, and reduce post-vaccination reactions as well as the cost of treatment.
There are better growth rates.
There is lower mortality in the event of disease outbreak.

Interchick adopts a two-pronged Approach in Dealing with Gumboro and Newcastle diseases at the hatchery:

Gumboro disease

The disease was first diagnosed in the village of Gumboro in the USA in early 1960s. By the 1980s the virus had spread to the rest of the world.

This viral infection attacks the immune system of young birds by destroying the B lymphocytes in their immature stages in the Bursa. The virus is hard to kill and can survive in moist, old litter for up to four months. The virus can mutate and change its form, thus defeating the bird’s immune system. It is common in huge poultry complexes, where birds are raised in multi-age systems. Chickens are more susceptible at 3-6 weeks of age, when Bursa is at its maximum rate of development and filled with B cells.

The affected birds discharge whitish diarrhoea, and they huddle together. Massive mortality is observed in non-vaccinated flocks. This mortality pattern has a bell shape curve and disappears in seven days.

Newcastle disease

This is a disease of poultry caused by a Ribulavirus, causing both respiratory and enteric infection in chickens of all ages. The virus enters via any mucosal surface: it multiplies in the epithelium, spreading via the bloodstream to other organs, where fast multiplication occurs, ultimately leading to increased concentration in the blood. It multiplies in all organs, especially in the respiratory and intestinal tract. The most virulent strains also affect the nervous system.

Virus shedding occurs by faeces and through aerosol and dust loadings in the air. The most obvious clinical signs are sudden and massive mortality, with neurological signs like star gazing, limb paralysis, twisted necks and the inability to feed, resulting in greenish diarrhoea. For birds in production, there is a significant drop in egg production.

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Hatchery Vaccination

Interchick adopts a two-pronged Approach in Dealing with Gumboro and Newcastle diseases at the hatchery:

Gumboro disease

Newcastle disease

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